Add more diagnostic messages

dev_tests/src/verify_expr.rs

@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ use rottlib::parser::Parser;
 
 mod pretty;
 
+// a * * *
+
 /// Expressions to test.
 ///
 /// Add, remove, or edit entries here.
 /// Using `(&str, &str)` gives each case a human-readable label.
 const TEST_CASES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
-    ("simple_add", "1 + 2 * 3"),
+    ("files/P0003_01.uc", "(a + b && c / d ^ e @ f"),
-    ("member_call", "Foo.Bar(1, 2)"),
+    ("files/P0003_02.uc", "(a]"),
-    ("index_member", "arr[5].X"),
+    ("files/P0003_03.uc", "(a\n;"),
-    ("tagged_name", "Class'MyPackage.MyThing'"),
-    ("broken_expr", "a + (]\n//AAA\n//BBB\n//CCC\n//DDD\n//EEE\n//FFF"),
 ];
 
 /// If true, print the parsed expression using Debug formatting.

rottlib/src/arena.rs

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 use bumpalo::{Bump, boxed, collections};
 
-use crate::ast::AstSpan;
+use crate::lexer::{TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
-use crate::lexer::TokenPosition;
 
 /// Object that manages a separate memory space, which can be deallocated all
 /// at once after use.
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ impl Arena {
     /// The returned node borrows the arena and cannot outlive it.
     /// If it is still live when the arena is dropped, its destructor is not run.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloc_node<T>(&self, value: T, span: AstSpan) -> ArenaNode<'_, T> {
+    pub fn alloc_node<T>(&self, value: T, span: TokenSpan) -> ArenaNode<'_, T> {
         ArenaNode {
             value: boxed::Box::new_in(value, &self.bump),
             span,
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ impl Arena {
         start: TokenPosition,
         end: TokenPosition,
     ) -> ArenaNode<'_, T> {
-        self.alloc_node(value, AstSpan::range(start, end))
+        self.alloc_node(value, TokenSpan::range(start, end))
     }
 
     /// Allocates `value` in this arena and attaches a span covering `at`.
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ impl Arena {
     /// If it is still live when the arena is dropped, its destructor is not run.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn alloc_node_at<T>(&self, value: T, at: TokenPosition) -> ArenaNode<'_, T> {
-        self.alloc_node(value, AstSpan::new(at))
+        self.alloc_node(value, TokenSpan::new(at))
     }
 }
 
@@ -107,13 +106,13 @@ impl Default for Arena {
 #[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ArenaNode<'arena, T> {
     value: boxed::Box<'arena, T>,
-    span: AstSpan,
+    span: TokenSpan,
 }
 
 impl<'arena, T> ArenaNode<'arena, T> {
     /// Creates a new [`ArenaNode`] by allocating `value` in `arena`.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_in(value: T, span: AstSpan, arena: &'arena Arena) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_in(value: T, span: TokenSpan, arena: &'arena Arena) -> Self {
         Self {
             value: boxed::Box::new_in(value, &arena.bump),
             span,
@@ -122,13 +121,13 @@ impl<'arena, T> ArenaNode<'arena, T> {
 
     /// Returns a mutable reference to the token span covered by this node.
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn span_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AstSpan {
+    pub const fn span_mut(&mut self) -> &mut TokenSpan {
         &mut self.span
     }
 
     /// Returns the token span covered by this node.
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn span(&self) -> &AstSpan {
+    pub const fn span(&self) -> &TokenSpan {
         &self.span
     }
 }

rottlib/src/ast/callables.rs

@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@
 //! declarations. This module preserves those forms as AST nodes together with
 //! source-relevant modifier and parameter information.
 
-use super::{
+use super::{BlockBody, ExpressionRef, IdentifierToken, InfixOperatorName, PostfixOperatorName,
-    AstSpan, BlockBody, ExpressionRef, IdentifierToken, InfixOperatorName, PostfixOperatorName,
     PrefixOperatorName, TypeSpecifierRef,
 };
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{TokenSpan, Keyword, TokenPosition};
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaNode;
 
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ pub struct CallableModifier {
     /// Modifier kind.
     pub kind: CallableModifierKind,
     /// Span covering the full modifier syntax.
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 
 impl Keyword {

rottlib/src/ast/expressions.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 //!
 //! This module defines ordinary expressions together with expression-shaped
 //! control-flow and block forms parsed by the language.
-use super::{
+use super::{IdentifierToken, InfixOperator, PostfixOperator, PrefixOperator,
-    AstSpan, IdentifierToken, InfixOperator, PostfixOperator, PrefixOperator,
     QualifiedIdentifierRef, StatementRef,
 };
+use crate::lexer::TokenSpan;
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
 
 use super::super::lexer::TokenPosition;
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ pub type StatementList<'src, 'arena> = ArenaVec<'arena, StatementRef<'src, 'aren
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct BlockBody<'src, 'arena> {
     pub statements: StatementList<'src, 'arena>,
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 
 /// Stable arena reference to an expression node.
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ impl<'arena> Expression<'_, 'arena> {
         op: InfixOperator,
         right_hand_side: ArenaNode<'arena, Self>,
     ) -> ArenaNode<'arena, Self> {
-        let span = AstSpan::merge(left_hand_side.span(), right_hand_side.span());
+        let span = TokenSpan::merge(left_hand_side.span(), right_hand_side.span());
         ArenaNode::new_in(
             Self::Binary(left_hand_side, op, right_hand_side),
             span,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl<'arena> Expression<'_, 'arena> {
         operation: PrefixOperator,
         right_hand_side: ArenaNode<'arena, Self>,
     ) -> ArenaNode<'arena, Self> {
-        let span = AstSpan::range(operation_position, right_hand_side.span().token_to);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(operation_position, right_hand_side.span().end);
         ArenaNode::new_in(Self::PrefixUnary(operation, right_hand_side), span, arena)
     }
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ impl<'arena> Expression<'_, 'arena> {
         operation: PostfixOperator,
         operation_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> ArenaNode<'arena, Self> {
-        let span = AstSpan::range(left_hand_side.span().token_from, operation_position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(left_hand_side.span().start, operation_position);
         ArenaNode::new_in(Self::PostfixUnary(left_hand_side, operation), span, arena)
     }
 }

rottlib/src/ast/mod.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Need to do a proper check to figure out what should and shouldn't be a node
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
 
-use super::lexer::TokenPosition;
+use super::lexer::{TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 
 use crate::arena::{Arena, ArenaNode, ArenaString};
 
@@ -30,66 +30,6 @@ pub struct QualifiedIdentifier<'arena> {
 }
 pub type QualifiedIdentifierRef<'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, QualifiedIdentifier<'arena>>;
 
-// All inclusive!
-#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct AstSpan {
-    pub token_from: TokenPosition,
-    pub token_to: TokenPosition,
-}
-
-impl AstSpan {
-    // -------- existing coord-based API (unchanged externally) --------
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn merge(left_span: &Self, right_span: &Self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            // assumes both were constructed in the same style; good enough for the refactor
-            token_from: left_span.token_from,
-            token_to: right_span.token_to,
-        }
-    }
-
-    // -------- NEW: 4 constructors based on TokenIndex --------
-
-    /// Single-token span from an index (coords are dummy for now).
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn new(single_index: TokenPosition) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            token_from: single_index,
-            token_to: single_index,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Span from two indices (coords are dummy for now).
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn range(from: TokenPosition, to: TokenPosition) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            token_from: from,
-            token_to: to,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Immutable extension by index (keeps coords as-is).
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn extended(&self, right_most_index: TokenPosition) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            token_from: self.token_from,
-            token_to: std::cmp::max(self.token_to, right_most_index),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// In-place extension by index (coords unchanged).
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn extend_to(&mut self, right_most_index: TokenPosition) {
-        if right_most_index > self.token_to {
-            self.token_to = right_most_index;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'arena> QualifiedIdentifier<'arena> {
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
@@ -117,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'arena> QualifiedIdentifier<'arena> {
 
     /// Cheap constructor from a single identifier. No Vec allocated.
     pub fn from_ident(arena: &'arena Arena, id: IdentifierToken) -> QualifiedIdentifierRef<'arena> {
-        let span = AstSpan::new(id.0);
+        let span = TokenSpan::new(id.0);
         ArenaNode::new_in(
             Self {
                 head: id,
@@ -132,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'arena> QualifiedIdentifier<'arena> {
         arena: &'arena Arena,
         position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> QualifiedIdentifierRef<'arena> {
-        let span = AstSpan::new(position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::new(position);
         ArenaNode::new_in(
             Self {
                 head: IdentifierToken(position),
@@ -185,8 +125,8 @@ pub struct DeclarationLiteralRef<'src, 'arena> {
 
 impl IdentifierToken {
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn span(self) -> AstSpan {
+    pub const fn span(self) -> TokenSpan {
-        AstSpan::new(self.0)
+        TokenSpan::new(self.0)
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +193,7 @@ pub struct ClassVarDecl<'src, 'arena> {
 
     pub type_spec: TypeSpecifierRef<'src, 'arena>, // Named/InlineEnum/InlineStruct
     pub declarators: ArenaVec<'arena, VariableDeclaratorRef<'src, 'arena>>, // a, b=expr
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type ClassVarDeclRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ClassVarDecl<'src, 'arena>>;
 
@@ -261,7 +201,7 @@ pub type ClassVarDeclRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ClassVarDecl<'src, 'a
 pub struct ClassConstDecl<'src, 'arena> {
     pub name: IdentifierToken,
     pub value: DeclarationLiteralRef<'src, 'arena>,
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type ClassConstDeclRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ClassConstDecl<'src, 'arena>>;
 
@@ -293,14 +233,14 @@ pub struct ReplicationRule<'src, 'arena> {
     pub reliability: Reliability, // reliable|unreliable
     pub condition: Option<ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena>>, // if (<expr>) or None
     pub members: ArenaVec<'arena, IdentifierToken>, // a, b, Foo()
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type ReplicationRuleRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ReplicationRule<'src, 'arena>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ReplicationBlock<'src, 'arena> {
     pub rules: ArenaVec<'arena, ReplicationRuleRef<'src, 'arena>>,
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type ReplicationBlockRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ReplicationBlock<'src, 'arena>>;
 
@@ -320,7 +260,7 @@ pub struct StateDecl<'src, 'arena> {
     pub ignores: Option<ArenaVec<'arena, IdentifierToken>>, // 'ignores Foo, Bar;'
     /// Body: ordinary statements plus nested function definitions (see `Statement::Function`).
     pub body: ArenaVec<'arena, StatementRef<'src, 'arena>>,
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type StateDeclRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, StateDecl<'src, 'arena>>;
 
@@ -328,7 +268,7 @@ pub type StateDeclRef<'src, 'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, StateDecl<'src, 'arena>>
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ExecDirective<'arena> {
     pub text: ArenaString<'arena>, // full line without trailing newline(s)
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
 }
 pub type ExecDirectiveRef<'arena> = ArenaNode<'arena, ExecDirective<'arena>>;
 

rottlib/src/ast/types.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //!
 //! This module defines syntactic forms used to represent type names, inline
 //! type declarations, variable declarators, and declaration modifiers.
-use super::{AstSpan, ExpressionRef, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifierRef};
+use super::{TokenSpan, ExpressionRef, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifierRef};
 
 use crate::arena::{ArenaNode, ArenaString, ArenaVec};
 use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ pub struct StructModifier {
 impl StructModifier {
     /// Span covering just this modifier token.
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn span(self) -> AstSpan {
+    pub const fn span(self) -> TokenSpan {
-        AstSpan::new(self.position)
+        TokenSpan::new(self.position)
     }
     /// Construct a struct modifier from kind and token position.
     #[must_use]

rottlib/src/diagnostics/expression.rs

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-use super::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder};
-use crate::ast::AstSpan;
-use crate::lexer::TokenPosition;
-use crate::parser::{ParseError, ParseErrorKind};
-use std::convert::From;
-
-fn diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_empty(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("empty parenthesized expression")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected an expression before this `)`")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
-            "parenthesized expression starts here",
-        )
-        .help("Remove the parentheses or put an expression inside them.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_class_type_missing_type_argument(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing type argument in `class<...>`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected a type name here")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
-            "type argument list starts here",
-        )
-        .help("Write a type name, for example `class<Pawn>`.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_class_type_missing_closing_angle_bracket(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing closing `>` in `class<...>`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected `>` here")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
-            "this `<` starts the type argument",
-        )
-        .help("Add `>` to close the class type expression.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_missing_closing_parenthesis(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing closing `)`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected `)` here")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
-            "this `(` starts the parenthesized expression",
-        )
-        .help("Add `)` to close the expression.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_expression_expected(error: ParseError) -> Diagnostic {
-    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error("expected expression")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "this token cannot start an expression")
-        .help(
-            "Expressions can start with literals, identifiers, `(`, `{`, or expression keywords.",
-        );
-
-    if let Some(related_span) = error.related_span {
-        builder = builder.secondary_label(related_span, "expression context starts here");
-    }
-
-    builder.build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_class_type_invalid_type_argument(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("invalid type argument in `class<...>`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected a qualified type name here")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
-            "type argument list starts here",
-        )
-        .note("Only a qualified type name is accepted between `<` and `>` here.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_new_too_many_arguments(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("too many arguments in `new(...)`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "unexpected extra argument")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
-            "this argument list accepts at most three arguments",
-        )
-        .note("The three slots are `outer`, `name`, and `flags`.")
-        .help("Remove the extra argument.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_new_missing_closing_parenthesis(
-    error: ParseError,
-    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing closing `)` in `new(...)`")
-        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected `)` here")
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
-            "this argument list starts here",
-        )
-        .help("Add `)` to close the argument list.")
-        .build()
-}
-
-fn diagnostic_new_missing_class_specifier(
-    error: ParseError,
-    new_keyword_position: TokenPosition,
-) -> Diagnostic {
-    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing class specifier in `new` expression")
-        .primary_label(
-            error.blame_span,
-            "expected the class or expression to instantiate here",
-        )
-        .secondary_label(
-            AstSpan::new(new_keyword_position),
-            "`new` expression starts here",
-        )
-        .help("Add the class or expression to instantiate after `new` or `new(...)`.");
-
-    if let Some(related_span) = error.related_span {
-        builder = builder.secondary_label(related_span, "optional `new(...)` arguments end here");
-    }
-
-    builder.build()
-}
-
-impl From<ParseError> for Diagnostic {
-    fn from(error: ParseError) -> Self {
-        match error.kind {
-            ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionEmpty {
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            } => diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_empty(error, left_parenthesis_position),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeMissingTypeArgument {
-                left_angle_bracket_position,
-            } => diagnostic_class_type_missing_type_argument(error, left_angle_bracket_position),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeMissingClosingAngleBracket {
-                left_angle_bracket_position,
-            } => diagnostic_class_type_missing_closing_angle_bracket(
-                error,
-                left_angle_bracket_position,
-            ),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis {
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            } => diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_missing_closing_parenthesis(
-                error,
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            ),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::ExpressionExpected => diagnostic_expression_expected(error),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeInvalidTypeArgument {
-                left_angle_bracket_position,
-            } => diagnostic_class_type_invalid_type_argument(error, left_angle_bracket_position),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::NewTooManyArguments {
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            } => diagnostic_new_too_many_arguments(error, left_parenthesis_position),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::NewMissingClosingParenthesis {
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            } => diagnostic_new_missing_closing_parenthesis(error, left_parenthesis_position),
-
-            ParseErrorKind::NewMissingClassSpecifier {
-                new_keyword_position,
-            } => diagnostic_new_missing_class_specifier(error, new_keyword_position),
-
-            _ => DiagnosticBuilder::error(format!("error {:?} while parsing", error.kind))
-                .primary_label(error.covered_span, "happened here")
-                .build(),
-        }
-    }
-}

rottlib/src/diagnostics/expression_diagnostics.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+use super::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder};
+use crate::lexer::{TokenPosition, TokenSpan, TokenizedFile};
+use crate::parser::{ParseError, ParseErrorKind};
+
+pub(crate) fn diagnostic_from_parse_error<'src>(
+    error: ParseError,
+    file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    match error.kind {
+        ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionInvalidStart => {
+            diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_invalid_start(error, file)
+        }
+
+        ParseErrorKind::ExpressionExpected => diagnostic_expression_expected(error, file),
+
+        ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeMissingTypeArgument {
+            left_angle_bracket_position,
+        } => diagnostic_class_type_missing_type_argument(error, left_angle_bracket_position),
+
+        ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeMissingClosingAngleBracket {
+            left_angle_bracket_position,
+        } => {
+            diagnostic_class_type_missing_closing_angle_bracket(error, left_angle_bracket_position)
+        }
+
+        ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis => {
+            diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_missing_closing_parenthesis(error, file)
+        }
+
+        ParseErrorKind::ClassTypeInvalidTypeArgument {
+            left_angle_bracket_position,
+        } => diagnostic_class_type_invalid_type_argument(error, left_angle_bracket_position),
+
+        ParseErrorKind::NewTooManyArguments {
+            left_parenthesis_position,
+        } => diagnostic_new_too_many_arguments(error, left_parenthesis_position),
+
+        ParseErrorKind::NewMissingClosingParenthesis {
+            left_parenthesis_position,
+        } => diagnostic_new_missing_closing_parenthesis(error, left_parenthesis_position),
+
+        ParseErrorKind::NewMissingClassSpecifier {
+            new_keyword_position,
+        } => diagnostic_new_missing_class_specifier(error, new_keyword_position),
+
+        _ => DiagnosticBuilder::error(format!("error {:?} while parsing", error.kind))
+            .primary_label(error.covered_span, "happened here")
+            .build(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_invalid_start<'src>(
+    mut error: ParseError,
+    file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    let (header_text, primary_text) =
+        if let Some(token_text) = file.token_text(error.blame_span.end) {
+            (
+                format!(
+                    "expected expression inside parentheses, found `{}`",
+                    token_text
+                ),
+                format!("unexpected `{}`", token_text),
+            )
+        } else if file.is_eof(&error.blame_span.end) {
+            (
+                "expected expression, found end of file".to_string(),
+                "reached end of file here".to_string(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            (
+                "expected expression inside parentheses".to_string(),
+                "expected expression".to_string(),
+            )
+        };
+    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error(header_text);
+    if let Some(related_span) = error.related_spans.get("left_parenthesis")
+        && !file.same_line(related_span.start, error.blame_span.end)
+    {
+        builder = builder.secondary_label(*related_span, "parenthesized expression starts here");
+    };
+    // It is more clear to see what happened if just the first token is
+    // highlighted in case blame span never leaves the line
+    if file.same_line(error.blame_span.start, error.blame_span.end) {
+        error.blame_span.start = error.blame_span.end;
+    }
+    builder
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, primary_text)
+        .code("P0001")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_expression_expected<'src>(
+    mut error: ParseError,
+    file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    let prefix_operator_span = error.related_spans.get("prefix_operator").copied();
+    let infix_operator_span = error.related_spans.get("infix_operator").copied();
+    let operator_span = infix_operator_span.or(prefix_operator_span);
+
+    let operator_text = operator_span.and_then(|span| file.token_text(span.end));
+
+    let (header_text, primary_text) = match (operator_text, file.token_text(error.blame_span.end)) {
+        (Some(operator_text), Some(token_text)) => (
+            format!(
+                "expected expression after `{}`, found `{}`",
+                operator_text, token_text
+            ),
+            format!("unexpected `{}`", token_text),
+        ),
+        (Some(operator_text), None) if file.is_eof(&error.blame_span.end) => (
+            format!(
+                "expected expression after `{}`, found end of file",
+                operator_text
+            ),
+            "reached end of file here".to_string(),
+        ),
+        (Some(operator_text), None) => (
+            format!("expected expression after `{}`", operator_text),
+            "expected expression".to_string(),
+        ),
+
+        (None, Some(token_text)) => (
+            format!("expected expression, found `{}`", token_text),
+            format!("unexpected `{}`", token_text),
+        ),
+        (None, None) if file.is_eof(&error.blame_span.end) => (
+            "expected expression, found end of file".to_string(),
+            "reached end of file here".to_string(),
+        ),
+        (None, None) => (
+            "expected expression".to_string(),
+            "expected expression".to_string(),
+        ),
+    };
+
+    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error(header_text);
+
+    // Only need this hint if lines are different
+    if let Some(span) = operator_span
+        && !file.same_line(span.start, error.blame_span.end)
+    {
+        let secondary_text = if let Some(operator_text) = operator_text {
+            format!("after this `{}`, an expression was expected", operator_text)
+        } else {
+            "an expression was expected after this operator".to_string()
+        };
+
+        builder = builder.secondary_label(span, secondary_text);
+    }
+
+    builder
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, primary_text)
+        .code("P0002")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_parenthesized_expression_missing_closing_parenthesis<'src>(
+    mut error: ParseError,
+    file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    let left_parenthesis_span = error.related_spans.get("left_parenthesis").copied();
+
+    let primary_text = if let Some(token_text) = file.token_text(error.blame_span.end) {
+        format!("expected `)` before `{}`", token_text)
+    } else if file.is_eof(&error.blame_span.end) {
+        "expected `)` before end of file".to_string()
+    } else {
+        "expected `)` here".to_string()
+    };
+
+    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing `)` to close parenthesized expression");
+
+    if let Some(span) = left_parenthesis_span
+        && !file.same_line(span.start, error.blame_span.end)
+    {
+        builder = builder.secondary_label(span, "parenthesized expression starts here");
+    }
+
+    // On a single line, point only at the exact place where `)` was expected.
+    // On multiple lines, keep the full span so the renderer can connect the
+    // opening `(` to the failure point.
+    if file.same_line(error.blame_span.start, error.blame_span.end) {
+        error.blame_span.start = error.blame_span.end;
+    }
+
+    builder
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, primary_text)
+        .code("P0003")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_class_type_missing_type_argument(
+    error: ParseError,
+    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing type argument in `class<...>`")
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected a type name here")
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
+            "type argument list starts here",
+        )
+        .help("Write a type name, for example `class<Pawn>`.")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_class_type_missing_closing_angle_bracket(
+    error: ParseError,
+    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing closing `>` in `class<...>`")
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected `>` here")
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
+            "this `<` starts the type argument",
+        )
+        .help("Add `>` to close the class type expression.")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_class_type_invalid_type_argument(
+    error: ParseError,
+    left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    DiagnosticBuilder::error("invalid type argument in `class<...>`")
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected a qualified type name here")
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(left_angle_bracket_position),
+            "type argument list starts here",
+        )
+        .note("Only a qualified type name is accepted between `<` and `>` here.")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_new_too_many_arguments(
+    error: ParseError,
+    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    DiagnosticBuilder::error("too many arguments in `new(...)`")
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "unexpected extra argument")
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
+            "this argument list accepts at most three arguments",
+        )
+        .note("The three slots are `outer`, `name`, and `flags`.")
+        .help("Remove the extra argument.")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_new_missing_closing_parenthesis(
+    error: ParseError,
+    left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing closing `)` in `new(...)`")
+        .primary_label(error.blame_span, "expected `)` here")
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(left_parenthesis_position),
+            "this argument list starts here",
+        )
+        .help("Add `)` to close the argument list.")
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn diagnostic_new_missing_class_specifier(
+    error: ParseError,
+    new_keyword_position: TokenPosition,
+) -> Diagnostic {
+    let mut builder = DiagnosticBuilder::error("missing class specifier in `new` expression")
+        .primary_label(
+            error.blame_span,
+            "expected the class or expression to instantiate here",
+        )
+        .secondary_label(
+            TokenSpan::new(new_keyword_position),
+            "`new` expression starts here",
+        )
+        .help("Add the class or expression to instantiate after `new` or `new(...)`.");
+
+    if let Some(related_span) = error.related_spans.get("blablabla") {
+        builder = builder.secondary_label(*related_span, "optional `new(...)` arguments end here");
+    }
+
+    builder.build()
+}

rottlib/src/diagnostics/mod.rs

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
 //! parsing or doing lightweight frontend checks. They are intentionally small,
 //! depend only on [`AstSpan`], and are easy to construct and store.
 
-mod expression;
+mod expression_diagnostics;
 mod render;
 
-use crate::ast::AstSpan;
+use crate::lexer::TokenSpan;
+pub(crate) use expression_diagnostics::diagnostic_from_parse_error;
 
 /// Classification of a diagnostic by its impact.
 ///
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ pub enum Severity {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Label {
     /// Span to highlight in source coordinates.
-    pub span: AstSpan,
+    pub span: TokenSpan,
     /// Short inline text shown next to the caret line.
     pub message: String,
 }
@@ -57,9 +58,6 @@ pub struct Diagnostic {
     /// Codes must match `^[LPTSXD][0-9]{4}$` where the prefix is the domain:
     /// `L` lexer, `P` parser, `T` type check, `S` semantics, `X` lints,
     /// `D` deprecations.
-    ///
-    /// Codes help users search documentation and suppress or elevate specific
-    /// diagnostics. Keep codes stable across releases once published.
     code: Option<String>,
     /// Marks the main location the user should look at first.
     ///
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ impl DiagnosticBuilder {
     /// One sentence, starting with lowercase letter, no period at the end.
     /// Since only one primary label can be specified, the previous primary is
     /// replaced.
-    pub fn primary_label(mut self, span: AstSpan, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+    pub fn primary_label(mut self, span: TokenSpan, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         self.diagnostic.primary_label = Some(Label {
             span,
             message: message.into(),
@@ -223,7 +221,7 @@ impl DiagnosticBuilder {
     /// Add a secondary label.
     ///
     /// One sentence, starting with lowercase letter, no period at the end.
-    pub fn secondary_label(mut self, span: AstSpan, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+    pub fn secondary_label(mut self, span: TokenSpan, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         self.diagnostic.secondary_labels.push(Label {
             span,
             message: message.into(),

rottlib/src/diagnostics/render.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use crate::ast::AstSpan;
 use crate::diagnostics::{self, Diagnostic, Severity};
-use crate::lexer::TokenizedFile;
+use crate::lexer::{TokenSpan, TokenizedFile};
 
 use core::convert::Into;
 use crossterm::style::Stylize;
@@ -233,9 +232,9 @@ fn max_line_number_width(ranges: &RangeSet) -> usize {
     }
 }
 
-fn span_to_range<'src>(span: AstSpan, file: &TokenizedFile<'src>) -> Option<RangeInclusive<usize>> {
+fn span_to_range<'src>(span: TokenSpan, file: &TokenizedFile<'src>) -> Option<RangeInclusive<usize>> {
-    let start_line = file.token_line(span.token_from)?;
+    let start_line = file.token_line(span.start)?;
-    let end_line = file.token_line(span.token_to)?;
+    let end_line = file.token_line(span.end)?;
 
     if start_line <= end_line {
         Some(start_line..=end_line)
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
     SingleRange {
         label_type: LabelType,
     }, */
-    fn label_data(&self, label_type: LabelType) -> Option<(AstSpan, String)> {
+    fn label_data(&self, label_type: LabelType) -> Option<(TokenSpan, String)> {
         match label_type {
             LabelType::Primary => self
                 .primary_label()
@@ -322,11 +321,18 @@ impl Diagnostic {
             }
             // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
             // First - update line drawing stack
-            for (label_type, column) in start_commands {
+            // First - update line drawing stack
+            for &(label_type, column) in &start_commands {
                 vertical_stack[column] = Some(label_type);
             }
             // Next - draw the line
-            self.draw_line(current_line, max_line_number_width, file, &vertical_stack);
+            self.draw_line_with_starts(
+                current_line,
+                max_line_number_width,
+                file,
+                &vertical_stack,
+                &start_commands,
+            );
             for label_type in single_commands {
                 self.render_single_command(
                     label_type,
@@ -337,7 +343,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
             }
             // Next - render finish commands (drop for now)
             for (label_type, column) in finish_commands {
-                self.render_single_command(
+                self.render_finish_command(
                     label_type,
                     max_line_number_width,
                     file,
@@ -349,7 +355,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
             // Render some more lines
             let mut countdown = 3;
             current_line += 1;
-            while current_line < commands[i].0 {
+            while i < commands.len() && current_line < commands[i].0 {
                 if countdown == 0 {
                     if current_line + 1 == commands[i].0 {
                         self.draw_line(current_line, max_line_number_width, file, &vertical_stack);
@@ -395,6 +401,53 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
         builder.push_str(&" ".repeat(visible.columns.start));
 
+        let underline_width = (visible.columns.end - visible.columns.start).max(1);
+        let mut underline_label = if label_type == LabelType::Primary {
+            "^".repeat(underline_width)
+        } else {
+            "-".repeat(underline_width)
+        };
+        underline_label.push_str(&format!(" {}", message));
+
+        match label_type {
+            LabelType::Primary => {
+                if self.severity == Severity::Error {
+                    builder.push_str(&underline_label.red().bold().to_string());
+                } else {
+                    builder.push_str(&underline_label.yellow().bold().to_string());
+                }
+            }
+            LabelType::Secondary(_) => {
+                builder.push_str(&underline_label.blue().bold().to_string());
+            }
+        }
+
+        println!("{builder}");
+    }
+
+    fn render_finish_command<'src>(
+        &self,
+        label_type: LabelType,
+        max_line_number_width: usize,
+        file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+        vertical_stack: &[Option<LabelType>],
+    ) {
+        let Some((span, message)) = self.label_data(label_type) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let Some(visible) = file
+            .token_visible_spans(span.end)
+            .and_then(|spans| spans.into_iter().last())
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let mut builder =
+            self.make_finish_prefix(max_line_number_width, vertical_stack, label_type);
+
+        builder.push_str(&"─".repeat(visible.columns.start).red().to_string());
+
         let underline_width = (visible.columns.end - visible.columns.start).max(1);
         let mut underline_label = "^".repeat(underline_width);
         underline_label.push_str(&format!(" {}", message));
@@ -433,6 +486,26 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         );
     }
 
+    fn draw_line_with_starts<'src>(
+        &self,
+        current_line: usize,
+        max_line_number_width: usize,
+        file: &TokenizedFile<'src>,
+        vertical_stack: &[Option<LabelType>],
+        start_commands: &[(LabelType, usize)],
+    ) {
+        println!(
+            "{}{}",
+            self.make_start_prefix(
+                LineIndexType::Normal(current_line),
+                max_line_number_width,
+                vertical_stack,
+                start_commands,
+            ),
+            file.line_text(current_line).unwrap_or_default()
+        );
+    }
+
     fn make_line_prefix<'src>(
         &self,
         current_line: LineIndexType,
@@ -455,12 +528,12 @@ impl Diagnostic {
                 let piece = match label {
                     LabelType::Primary => {
                         if self.severity == Severity::Error {
-                            " |".red()
+                            " │".red()
                         } else {
-                            " |".yellow()
+                            " │".yellow()
                         }
                     }
-                    LabelType::Secondary(_) => " |".blue(),
+                    LabelType::Secondary(_) => " │".blue(),
                 }
                 .to_string();
                 builder.push_str(&piece);
@@ -471,6 +544,114 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         builder
     }
 
+    fn make_start_prefix(
+        &self,
+        current_line: LineIndexType,
+        max_line_number_width: usize,
+        vertical_stack: &[Option<LabelType>],
+        start_commands: &[(LabelType, usize)],
+    ) -> String {
+        let line_text = match current_line {
+            LineIndexType::Normal(current_line) => (current_line + 1).to_string(),
+            LineIndexType::Missing => "".to_string(),
+            LineIndexType::Ellipsis => "...".to_string(),
+        };
+        let line_padding = " ".repeat(max_line_number_width - line_text.len());
+        let mut builder = format!(" {}{} | ", line_padding, line_text)
+            .blue()
+            .bold()
+            .to_string();
+
+        for (column, vertical_line) in vertical_stack.iter().enumerate() {
+            let piece = match vertical_line {
+                Some(label) => {
+                    let starts_here = start_commands.iter().any(|(start_label, start_column)| {
+                        *start_label == *label && *start_column == column
+                    });
+
+                    match label {
+                        LabelType::Primary => {
+                            if self.severity == Severity::Error {
+                                if starts_here {
+                                    " ╭".red()
+                                } else {
+                                    " │".red()
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                if starts_here {
+                                    " ╭".yellow()
+                                } else {
+                                    " │".yellow()
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        LabelType::Secondary(_) => {
+                            if starts_here {
+                                " ╭".blue()
+                            } else {
+                                " │".blue()
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .to_string()
+                }
+                None => "  ".to_string(),
+            };
+
+            builder.push_str(&piece);
+        }
+
+        builder
+    }
+
+    fn make_finish_prefix(
+        &self,
+        max_line_number_width: usize,
+        vertical_stack: &[Option<LabelType>],
+        finishing_label: LabelType,
+    ) -> String {
+        let line_text = "";
+        let line_padding = " ".repeat(max_line_number_width - line_text.len());
+        let mut builder = format!(" {}{} | ", line_padding, line_text)
+            .blue()
+            .bold()
+            .to_string();
+
+        for vertical_line in vertical_stack {
+            let piece = match vertical_line {
+                Some(label) if *label == finishing_label => match label {
+                    LabelType::Primary => {
+                        if self.severity == Severity::Error {
+                            " ╰".red()
+                        } else {
+                            " ╰".yellow()
+                        }
+                    }
+                    LabelType::Secondary(_) => " ╰".blue(),
+                }
+                .to_string(),
+
+                Some(label) => match label {
+                    LabelType::Primary => {
+                        if self.severity == Severity::Error {
+                            " │".red()
+                        } else {
+                            " │".yellow()
+                        }
+                    }
+                    LabelType::Secondary(_) => " │".blue(),
+                }
+                .to_string(),
+
+                None => "  ".to_string(),
+            };
+
+            builder.push_str(&piece);
+        }
+
+        builder
+    }
+
     fn render_header(&self) {
         let severity_label = match self.severity {
             Severity::Error => "error".red(),

rottlib/src/lexer/mod.rs

@@ -70,6 +70,66 @@ pub struct TokenData<'src> {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
 pub struct TokenPosition(pub usize);
 
+// All inclusive!
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct TokenSpan {
+    pub start: TokenPosition,
+    pub end: TokenPosition,
+}
+
+impl TokenSpan {
+    // -------- existing coord-based API (unchanged externally) --------
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn merge(left_span: &Self, right_span: &Self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // assumes both were constructed in the same style; good enough for the refactor
+            start: left_span.start,
+            end: right_span.end,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -------- NEW: 4 constructors based on TokenIndex --------
+
+    /// Single-token span from an index (coords are dummy for now).
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(single_index: TokenPosition) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: single_index,
+            end: single_index,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Span from two indices (coords are dummy for now).
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn range(from: TokenPosition, to: TokenPosition) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: from,
+            end: to,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Immutable extension by index (keeps coords as-is).
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn extended(&self, right_most_index: TokenPosition) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: self.start,
+            end: std::cmp::max(self.end, right_most_index),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// In-place extension by index (coords unchanged).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn extend_to(&mut self, right_most_index: TokenPosition) {
+        if right_most_index > self.end {
+            self.end = right_most_index;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A tokenized, lossless representation of an `UnrealScript` source file.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct TokenizedFile<'src> {

rottlib/src/lexer/queries.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@
 use crate::lexer::{Line, TokenData, TokenPosition, TokenizedFile, VisibleLineSpan};
 
 impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
+    pub const fn eof(&self) -> TokenPosition {
+        TokenPosition(self.buffer.len())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_eof(&self, position: &TokenPosition) -> bool {
+        position == &self.eof()
+    }
+
     /// Returns the number of physical lines stored in this file.
     ///
     /// Empty line after the trailing newline sequence isn't counted as a line
@@ -111,7 +119,12 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
     /// Returns `None` if `position` is out of bounds.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn token_line(&self, position: TokenPosition) -> Option<usize> {
-        // Reject invalid token positions early.
+        // EOF is a valid virtual position: past the end of the last stored line.
+        if position == self.eof() {
+            return self.line_count().checked_sub(1);
+        }
+
+        // Reject invalid non-EOF positions early.
         self.buffer.get(position.0)?;
 
         let line_index = self
@@ -183,6 +196,17 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
     /// Returns `None` if `position` is invalid.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn token_visible_spans(&self, position: TokenPosition) -> Option<Vec<VisibleLineSpan>> {
+        // EOF is a virtual zero-width span at the end of the last stored line.
+        if position == self.eof() {
+            let line = self.line_count().checked_sub(1)?;
+            let column = self.line_text(line)?.chars().count();
+
+            return Some(vec![VisibleLineSpan {
+                line,
+                columns: column..column,
+            }]);
+        }
+
         let token_piece = self.buffer.get(position.0).copied()?;
         let start_line = self.token_line(position)?;
         let start_column = self.token_start_visible_column(position)?;
@@ -191,8 +215,6 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
             return Some(Vec::new());
         }
 
-        // True multi-line token: reuse already computed visible byte segments,
-        // then convert them into visible character columns.
         if let Some(segments) = self.multi_line_map.get(&position.0) {
             let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(segments.len());
 
@@ -200,15 +222,12 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
                 let visible_text = &token_piece.lexeme[byte_range.clone()];
                 let width = visible_text.chars().count();
 
-                // Empty visible fragment: skip it.
-                // This matters for things like a token ending with '\n'.
                 if width == 0 {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 let line = start_line + segment_index;
 
-                // A trailing newline does not create an extra stored physical line.
                 if line >= self.line_count() {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -223,8 +242,6 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
             return Some(out);
         }
 
-        // Single-line token, including "can_span_lines" tokens that happen not
-        // to contain a line break.
         let width = token_piece.lexeme.chars().count();
         Some(vec![VisibleLineSpan {
             line: start_line,
@@ -269,15 +286,9 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn span_visible_on_line(&self, span: crate::ast::AstSpan) -> Option<VisibleLineSpan> {
+    pub fn span_visible_on_line(&self, span: crate::lexer::TokenSpan) -> Option<VisibleLineSpan> {
-        let start = self
+        let start = self.token_visible_spans(span.start)?.into_iter().next()?;
-            .token_visible_spans(span.token_from)?
+        let end = self.token_visible_spans(span.end)?.into_iter().last()?;
-            .into_iter()
-            .next()?;
-        let end = self
-            .token_visible_spans(span.token_to)?
-            .into_iter()
-            .last()?;
 
         if start.line != end.line {
             return None;
@@ -288,4 +299,15 @@ impl<'src> TokenizedFile<'src> {
             columns: start.columns.start..end.columns.end,
         })
     }
+
+    pub fn token_text(&self, pos: TokenPosition) -> Option<&'src str> {
+        self.token_at(pos).map(|t| t.lexeme)
+    }
+
+    pub fn same_line(&self, a: TokenPosition, b: TokenPosition) -> bool {
+        match (self.token_line(a), self.token_line(b)) {
+            (Some(x), Some(y)) => x == y,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
 }

rottlib/src/parser/cursor.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 //! see [`parser::TriviaKind`].
 
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
-
+// TODO: NO RETURNING EOF
 use crate::{
-    ast::AstSpan,
+    lexer::{self, Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan},
-    lexer::{self, Keyword, Token, TokenPosition},
     parser::{self, ParseResult, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, trivia::TriviaIndexBuilder},
 };
 
@@ -115,6 +114,13 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             .map(|(token_position, _)| *token_position)
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn peek_position_or_eof(&mut self) -> TokenPosition {
+        self.peek_buffered_token()
+            .map(|(token_position, _)| *token_position)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.file.eof())
+    }
+
     /// Returns the next significant token and its lexeme without consuming it.
     ///
     /// May buffer additional tokens and record skipped trivia, but does not
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         error_kind: parser::ParseErrorKind,
     ) -> ParseResult<'src, 'arena, TokenPosition> {
         self.peek_position()
-            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_here(error_kind))
+            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_at(error_kind, self.file.eof()))
     }
 
     /// Returns the next significant token and its position without consuming
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         error_kind: parser::ParseErrorKind,
     ) -> ParseResult<'src, 'arena, (Token, TokenPosition)> {
         self.peek_token_and_position()
-            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_here(error_kind))
+            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_at(error_kind, self.file.eof()))
     }
 
     /// Returns the next significant token, its lexeme, and its position
@@ -241,7 +247,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         error_kind: parser::ParseErrorKind,
     ) -> ParseResult<'src, 'arena, (Token, &'src str, TokenPosition)> {
         self.peek_token_lexeme_and_position()
-            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_here(error_kind))
+            .ok_or_else(|| self.make_error_at(error_kind, self.file.eof()))
     }
 
     /// Advances by one significant token.
@@ -293,20 +299,18 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         expected: Token,
         error_kind: parser::ParseErrorKind,
     ) -> ParseResult<'src, 'arena, TokenPosition> {
-        // Anchors EOF diagnostics at the last consumed token
-        // when no current token exists.
-        let anchor = self
-            .peek_position()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         // `Token` equality is enough here because lexeme and position
         // are stored separately.
-        if self.peek_token() == Some(expected) {
+        if let Some((token, token_position)) = self.peek_token_and_position()
+            && token == expected
+        {
             self.advance();
-            Ok(anchor)
+            Ok(token_position)
         } else {
+            let anchor = self.peek_position().unwrap_or_else(|| self.file.eof());
             Err(self
                 .make_error_at(error_kind, anchor)
-                .blame(AstSpan::new(anchor)))
+                .blame(TokenSpan::new(anchor)))
         }
     }
 

rottlib/src/parser/errors.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Submodule with parsing related errors.
 
-use crate::{ast::AstSpan, lexer::TokenPosition};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{lexer::TokenSpan, lexer::TokenPosition};
 
 /// Internal parse error kinds.
 ///
@@ -14,14 +16,12 @@ use crate::{ast::AstSpan, lexer::TokenPosition};
 ///     `UnexpectedToken`, `MultipleDefaults`, etc.).
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ParseErrorKind {
-    // ================== New errors that are 100% used! ==================
+    /// P0001
-    // headline: empty parenthesized expression
+    ParenthesizedExpressionInvalidStart,
-    // primary label on ): expected an expression before this \)'`
+    /// P0002
-    // secondary label on (: parenthesized expression starts here
+    ExpressionExpected,
-    // Remove the parentheses or put an expression inside them.
+    /// P0003
-    ParenthesizedExpressionEmpty {
+    ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis,
-        left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-    },
     // headline: missing type argument in \class<...>``
     // primary label on > or insertion site: expected a type name here
     // secondary label on < or on class: type argument list starts here
@@ -36,17 +36,6 @@ pub enum ParseErrorKind {
     ClassTypeMissingClosingAngleBracket {
         left_angle_bracket_position: TokenPosition,
     },
-    // headline: missing closing \)'`
-    // primary label on the point where ) was expected: expected \)' here` or, if you have a real token there, expected \)' before this token`
-    // secondary label on the opening (: this \(` starts the parenthesized expression`
-    // help: Add \)' to close the expression.`
-    ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis {
-        left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
-    },
-    // headline: expected expression
-    // primary label: this token cannot start an expression
-    // optional help: Expressions can start with literals, identifiers, \(`, `{`, or expression keywords.`
-    ExpressionExpected,
     // headline: invalid type argument in \class<...>``
     // primary label on the bad token inside the angle brackets: expected a qualified type name here
     // secondary label on class or <: while parsing this class type expression
@@ -334,17 +323,17 @@ pub enum ParseErrorKind {
 }
 
 /// Enumerates all specific kinds of parsing errors that the parser can emit.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[must_use]
 pub struct ParseError {
     /// The specific kind of parse error that occurred.
     pub kind: ParseErrorKind,
     pub anchor: TokenPosition,
     /// Where the user should look first.
-    pub blame_span: AstSpan,
+    pub blame_span: TokenSpan,
     /// The source span in which the error was detected.
-    pub covered_span: AstSpan,
+    pub covered_span: TokenSpan,
-    pub related_span: Option<AstSpan>,
+    pub related_spans: HashMap<String, TokenSpan>,
 }
 
 pub type ParseResult<'src, 'arena, T> = Result<T, ParseError>;
@@ -362,9 +351,9 @@ impl crate::parser::Parser<'_, '_> {
         ParseError {
             kind: error_kind,
             anchor: position,
-            blame_span: AstSpan::new(position),
+            blame_span: TokenSpan::new(position),
-            covered_span: AstSpan::new(position),
+            covered_span: TokenSpan::new(position),
-            related_span: None,
+            related_spans: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
 }

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/class.rs

@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@
 #![allow(clippy::all, clippy::pedantic, clippy::nursery)]
 
 use crate::ast::{
-    AstSpan, BlockBody, ClassConstDecl, ClassConstDeclRef, ClassDeclaration, ClassDefinition,
+    BlockBody, ClassConstDecl, ClassConstDeclRef, ClassDeclaration, ClassDefinition, ClassMember,
-    ClassMember, ClassModifier, ClassModifierRef, ClassVarDecl, ClassVarDeclRef,
+    ClassModifier, ClassModifierRef, ClassVarDecl, ClassVarDeclRef, DeclarationLiteral,
-    DeclarationLiteral, DeclarationLiteralRef, ExecDirective, ExecDirectiveRef, ExpressionRef,
+    DeclarationLiteralRef, ExecDirective, ExecDirectiveRef, ExpressionRef, IdentifierToken,
-    IdentifierToken, Reliability, ReplicationBlock, ReplicationBlockRef, ReplicationRule,
+    Reliability, ReplicationBlock, ReplicationBlockRef, ReplicationRule, ReplicationRuleRef,
-    ReplicationRuleRef, StateDecl, StateDeclRef, StateModifier, VariableDeclarator,
+    StateDecl, StateDeclRef, StateModifier, VariableDeclarator, VariableDeclaratorRef,
-    VariableDeclaratorRef,
 };
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ParseResult, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn ensure_progress_or_break(&mut self, before: TokenPosition) -> bool {
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let trimmed = lexeme.trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
         self.advance();
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             ExecDirective {
                 text: self.arena.string(trimmed),
@@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
 
         self.expect(
             Token::RightBracket,
-            ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis {
+            ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis,
-                left_parenthesis_position: self.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
-            },
         )
         .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseBracket)?;
 
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         };
 
         let mut consumed_inside_match = false;
-        let mut span = AstSpan::new(modifier_position);
+        let mut span = TokenSpan::new(modifier_position);
 
         let modifier = match token {
             Token::Keyword(Keyword::Final) => Final,
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
 
         self.expect(Token::Semicolon, ParseErrorKind::DeclMissingSemicolon)?;
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             ClassVarDecl {
                 paren_specs,
@@ -323,7 +322,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             Token::Semicolon,
             ParseErrorKind::ReplicationRuleMissingSemicolon,
         )?;
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             ReplicationRule {
                 reliability,
@@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         }
 
         self.expect(Token::RightBrace, ParseErrorKind::ReplicationMissingRBrace)?;
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Ok(self
             .arena
             .alloc_node(ReplicationBlock { rules, span }, span))
@@ -460,7 +459,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             span: inner_span,
         } = self.parse_braced_block_statements_tail(opening_brace_position);
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, inner_span.token_to);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, inner_span.end);
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             StateDecl {
                 name,
@@ -850,7 +849,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let value = self.parse_declaration_literal_class()?;
 
         self.expect(Token::Semicolon, ParseErrorKind::DeclMissingSemicolon)?;
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
 
         Ok(self
             .arena
@@ -879,7 +878,8 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                         }
                     };
 
-                    let span = AstSpan::range(identifier.0, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+                    let span =
+                        TokenSpan::range(identifier.0, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
                     declarators.push(self.arena.alloc_node(
                         VariableDeclarator {
                             name: identifier,
@@ -948,9 +948,9 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             self.report_error(crate::parser::ParseError {
                 kind: ParseErrorKind::ListEmpty,
                 anchor: list_start,
-                blame_span: AstSpan::range(list_start, list_end),
+                blame_span: TokenSpan::range(list_start, list_end),
-                covered_span: AstSpan::range(list_start, list_end),
+                covered_span: TokenSpan::range(list_start, list_end),
-                related_span: None,
+                related_spans: HashMap::new(),
             });
         }
 

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/declarations/enum_definition.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, EnumDefRef, EnumDefinition, IdentifierToken};
+use crate::ast::{EnumDefRef, EnumDefinition, IdentifierToken};
 use crate::lexer::Token;
-use crate::lexer::TokenPosition;
+use crate::lexer::{TokenSpan, TokenPosition};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         self.expect(Token::RightBrace, ParseErrorKind::EnumNoClosingBrace)
             .report_error(self);
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(
             enum_keyword_position,
             self.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
         );

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/declarations/struct_definition.rs

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
 use crate::ast::{
-    AstSpan, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifierRef, StructDefRef, StructDefinition, StructField,
+    IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifierRef, StructDefRef, StructDefinition, StructField,
     StructFieldRef, StructModifier, StructModifierKind, TypeSpecifierRef, VarEditorSpecifierRef,
     VarModifier,
 };
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         self.expect(Token::RightBrace, ParseErrorKind::StructMissingRightBrace)
             .widen_error_span_from(struct_keyword_position)
             .report_error(self);
-        let span = AstSpan::range(
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(
             struct_keyword_position,
             self.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
         );
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         if declarators.is_empty() {
             return StructBodyItemParseOutcome::Skip;
         }
-        let span = AstSpan::range(var_keyword_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(var_keyword_position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         StructBodyItemParseOutcome::Field(self.arena.alloc_node(
             StructField {
                 type_specifier: field_prefix.type_specifier,

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/declarations/type_specifier.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Parsing of type specifiers for Fermented `UnrealScript`.
 
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, TypeSpecifier, TypeSpecifierRef};
+use crate::ast::{TypeSpecifier, TypeSpecifierRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ParseResult, Parser};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         starting_token_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> TypeSpecifierRef<'src, 'arena> {
         let enum_definition = self.parse_enum_definition_tail(starting_token_position);
-        let enum_span = AstSpan::range(starting_token_position, enum_definition.span().token_to);
+        let enum_span = TokenSpan::range(starting_token_position, enum_definition.span().end);
         self.arena
             .alloc_node(TypeSpecifier::InlineEnum(enum_definition), enum_span)
     }
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         starting_token_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> TypeSpecifierRef<'src, 'arena> {
         let struct_definition = self.parse_struct_definition_tail(starting_token_position);
-        let struct_span =
+        let struct_span = TokenSpan::range(starting_token_position, struct_definition.span().end);
-            AstSpan::range(starting_token_position, struct_definition.span().token_to);
         self.arena
             .alloc_node(TypeSpecifier::InlineStruct(struct_definition), struct_span)
     }
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             Token::Greater,
             ParseErrorKind::TypeSpecArrayMissingClosingAngle,
         )?;
-        let array_span = AstSpan::range(starting_token_position, closing_angle_bracket_position);
+        let array_span = TokenSpan::range(starting_token_position, closing_angle_bracket_position);
 
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             TypeSpecifier::Array {
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         } else {
             (None, starting_token_position)
         };
-        let span = AstSpan::range(starting_token_position, class_type_end);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(starting_token_position, class_type_end);
         Ok(self
             .arena
             .alloc_node(TypeSpecifier::Class(inner_type_name), span))

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/declarations/variable_declarators.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, OptionalExpression, VariableDeclarator, VariableDeclaratorRef};
+use crate::ast::{OptionalExpression, VariableDeclarator, VariableDeclaratorRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ParseResult, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let name = self.parse_identifier(ParseErrorKind::DeclBadVariableIdentifier)?;
         let array_size = self.parse_optional_array_size();
         let initializer = self.parse_optional_variable_initializer();
-        let span = AstSpan::range(name.0, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(name.0, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
             VariableDeclarator {
                 name,

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/block.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 //! has been consumed.
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, BlockBody, Expression, ExpressionRef, Statement, StatementRef};
+use crate::ast::{BlockBody, Expression, ExpressionRef, Statement, StatementRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, Parser};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         while let Some((token, token_position)) = self.peek_token_and_position() {
             if token == Token::RightBrace {
                 self.advance(); // '}'
-                let span = AstSpan::range(opening_brace_position, token_position);
+                let span = TokenSpan::range(opening_brace_position, token_position);
                 return BlockBody { statements, span };
             }
             self.parse_next_block_item_into(&mut statements);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         }
         // Reached EOF without a closing `}`
         self.report_error_here(ParseErrorKind::BlockMissingClosingBrace);
-        let span = AstSpan::range(
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(
             opening_brace_position,
             self.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
         );

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/control_flow.rs

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@
 //! lives in a separate module because the construct itself is more involved
 //! than the control-flow forms handled here.
 
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, BranchBody, Expression, ExpressionRef};
+use crate::ast::{BranchBody, Expression, ExpressionRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -77,9 +77,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             let right_parenthesis_position = self
                 .expect(
                     Token::RightParenthesis,
-                    ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis {
+                    ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis,
-                        left_parenthesis_position,
-                    },
                 )
                 .widen_error_span_from(left_parenthesis_position)
                 .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseParenthesis)
@@ -108,11 +106,12 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     fn parse_branch_body(&mut self) -> BranchBody<'src, 'arena> {
         let Some((first_token, first_token_position)) = self.peek_token_and_position() else {
             let error = self.make_error_here(ParseErrorKind::MissingBranchBody);
+            let end_anchor_token_position = error.covered_span.end;
             self.report_error(error);
             return BranchBody {
                 expression: None,
                 semicolon_position: None,
-                end_anchor_token_position: error.covered_span.token_to,
+                end_anchor_token_position,
             };
         };
         // `if (is_condition);`
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             };
         }
         let branch_expression = self.parse_expression();
-        let end_anchor_token_position = branch_expression.span().token_to;
+        let end_anchor_token_position = branch_expression.span().end;
         // A block body in `if {...}` or `if {...};` owns its own terminator;
         // a following `;` does not belong to the branch body.
         if let Expression::Block(_) = *branch_expression {
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             (None, body.end_anchor_token_position)
         };
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(if_keyword_position, if_end_position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(if_keyword_position, if_end_position);
         self.arena.alloc_node(
             Expression::If {
                 condition,
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
         let condition = self.parse_condition();
         let body = self.parse_branch_body();
-        let span = AstSpan::range(while_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(while_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
         self.arena
             .alloc_node(Expression::While { condition, body }, span)
     }
@@ -230,13 +229,13 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         {
             crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
                 Expression::Error,
-                AstSpan::new(body.end_anchor_token_position),
+                TokenSpan::new(body.end_anchor_token_position),
                 self.arena,
             )
         } else {
             self.parse_condition()
         };
-        let span = AstSpan::range(do_keyword_position, condition.span().token_to);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(do_keyword_position, condition.span().end);
         self.arena
             .alloc_node(Expression::DoUntil { condition, body }, span)
     }
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let iterated_expression = self.parse_expression();
 
         let body = self.parse_branch_body();
-        let span = AstSpan::range(foreach_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(foreach_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
         self.arena.alloc_node(
             Expression::ForEach {
                 iterated_expression,
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         };
 
         let body = self.parse_branch_body();
-        let span = AstSpan::range(for_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(for_keyword_position, body.end_anchor_token_position);
         self.arena.alloc_node(
             Expression::For {
                 initialization,
@@ -387,10 +386,10 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         return_keyword_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
         let (value, span) = if self.peek_token() == Some(Token::Semicolon) {
-            (None, AstSpan::new(return_keyword_position))
+            (None, TokenSpan::new(return_keyword_position))
         } else {
             let returned_value = self.parse_expression();
-            let span = AstSpan::range(return_keyword_position, returned_value.span().token_to);
+            let span = TokenSpan::range(return_keyword_position, returned_value.span().end);
             (Some(returned_value), span)
         };
         self.arena.alloc_node(Expression::Return(value), span)
@@ -406,10 +405,10 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         break_keyword_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
         let (value, span) = if self.peek_token() == Some(Token::Semicolon) {
-            (None, AstSpan::new(break_keyword_position))
+            (None, TokenSpan::new(break_keyword_position))
         } else {
             let returned_value = self.parse_expression();
-            let span = AstSpan::range(break_keyword_position, returned_value.span().token_to);
+            let span = TokenSpan::range(break_keyword_position, returned_value.span().end);
             (Some(returned_value), span)
         };
         self.arena.alloc_node(Expression::Break(value), span)
@@ -439,7 +438,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             .report_error(self);
         crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
             Expression::Error,
-            AstSpan::new(goto_keyword_position),
+            TokenSpan::new(goto_keyword_position),
             self.arena,
         )
     }

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/identifier.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 //! e.g. `KFChar.ZombieClot`.
 
 use crate::arena::{self, ArenaVec};
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifier, QualifiedIdentifierRef};
+use crate::ast::{IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifier, QualifiedIdentifierRef};
-use crate::lexer::{self, Token};
+use crate::lexer::{self, Token, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ParseResult, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
 
         Ok(arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
             QualifiedIdentifier { head, tail },
-            AstSpan::range(span_start, span_end),
+            TokenSpan::range(span_start, span_end),
             self.arena,
         ))
     }

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/pratt.rs

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn parse_expression(&mut self) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
         self.parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(PrecedenceRank::LOOSEST)
+            .unwrap_or_fallback(self)
     }
 
     /// Parses an expression, including only operators with binding power
@@ -70,14 +71,9 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     fn parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(
         &mut self,
         min_precedence_rank: PrecedenceRank,
-    ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
+    ) -> parser::ParseExpressionResult<'src, 'arena> {
-        let mut left_hand_side = self
+        let mut left_hand_side = self.parse_prefix_or_primary()?;
-            .parse_prefix_or_primary()
+        left_hand_side = self.parse_selectors_into(left_hand_side)?;
-            .sync_error_until(self, parser::SyncLevel::Expression)
-            .unwrap_or_fallback(self);
-        left_hand_side = self
-            .parse_selectors_into(left_hand_side)
-            .unwrap_or_fallback(self);
         // We disallow only postfix operators after expression forms that
         // represent control-flow or block constructs. Selectors are still
         // parsed normally.
@@ -102,14 +98,15 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     /// null denotation).
     fn parse_prefix_or_primary(&mut self) -> parser::ParseExpressionResult<'src, 'arena> {
         let (token, token_lexeme, token_position) =
-            self.require_token_lexeme_and_position(parser::ParseErrorKind::MissingExpression)?;
+            self.require_token_lexeme_and_position(parser::ParseErrorKind::ExpressionExpected)?;
         self.advance();
         if let Ok(operator) = ast::PrefixOperator::try_from(token) {
             // In UnrealScript, prefix and postfix operators bind tighter than
             // any infix operators, so we can safely parse the right hand side
             // at the tightest precedence.
-            let right_hand_side =
+            let right_hand_side = self
-                self.parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(PrecedenceRank::TIGHTEST);
+                .parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(PrecedenceRank::TIGHTEST)
+                .related_token("prefix_operator", token_position)?;
             Ok(Expression::new_prefix(
                 self.arena,
                 token_position,
@@ -146,17 +143,19 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         &mut self,
         mut left_hand_side: ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena>,
         min_precedence_rank: PrecedenceRank,
-    ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
+    ) -> parser::ParseExpressionResult<'src, 'arena> {
         while let Some((operator, right_precedence_rank)) =
             self.peek_infix_with_min_precedence_rank(min_precedence_rank)
         {
             self.advance();
-            let right_hand_side =
+            let infix_operator_position = self.last_consumed_position_or_start();
-                self.parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(right_precedence_rank);
+            let right_hand_side = self
+                .parse_expression_with_min_precedence_rank(right_precedence_rank)
+                .related_token("infix_operator", infix_operator_position)?;
             left_hand_side =
                 Expression::new_binary(self.arena, left_hand_side, operator, right_hand_side);
         }
-        left_hand_side
+        Ok(left_hand_side)
     }
 
     /// Returns the next postfix operator and its position if present.

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/primary.rs

@@ -186,30 +186,14 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         &mut self,
         left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
     ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
-        // Special case for an empty expression
-        if let Some((Token::RightParenthesis, right_parenthesis_position)) =
-            self.peek_token_and_position()
-        {
-            self.make_error_here(ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionEmpty {
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-            })
-            .widen_error_span_from(left_parenthesis_position)
-            .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseParenthesis)
-            .blame_token(right_parenthesis_position)
-            .report_error(self);
-            return self.arena.alloc_node_between(
-                Expression::Error,
-                left_parenthesis_position,
-                right_parenthesis_position,
-            );
-        }
         // Continue parsing normally
         let inner_expression = if self.next_token_definitely_cannot_start_expression() {
             let error = self
-                .make_error_here(ParseErrorKind::ExpressionExpected)
+                .make_error_here(ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionInvalidStart)
                 .widen_error_span_from(left_parenthesis_position)
-                .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::Expression)
+                .sync_error_until(self, SyncLevel::Expression)
-                .related_token(left_parenthesis_position);
+                .extend_blame_to_next_token(self)
+                .related_token("left_parenthesis", left_parenthesis_position);
             let error_span = error.covered_span;
             self.report_error(error);
             return crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
@@ -223,12 +207,12 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let right_parenthesis_position = self
             .expect(
                 Token::RightParenthesis,
-                ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis {
+                ParseErrorKind::ParenthesizedExpressionMissingClosingParenthesis,
-                    left_parenthesis_position,
-                },
             )
             .widen_error_span_from(left_parenthesis_position)
             .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseParenthesis)
+            .extend_blame_start_to_covered_start()
+            .related_token("left_parenthesis", left_parenthesis_position)
             .unwrap_or_fallback(self);
         self.arena.alloc_node_between(
             Expression::Parentheses(inner_expression),
@@ -330,7 +314,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         } else {
             self.parse_expression()
         };
-        let class_specifier_end_position = class_specifier.span().token_to;
+        let class_specifier_end_position = class_specifier.span().end;
         self.arena.alloc_node_between(
             Expression::New {
                 outer_argument,
@@ -360,11 +344,13 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let mut name_argument = None;
         let mut flags_argument = None;
 
+        let mut first_call = true;
         for slot in [&mut outer_argument, &mut name_argument, &mut flags_argument] {
-            match self.parse_call_argument_slot(left_parenthesis_position) {
+            match self.parse_call_argument_slot(left_parenthesis_position, first_call) {
                 ParsedCallArgumentSlot::Argument(argument) => *slot = argument,
                 ParsedCallArgumentSlot::NoMoreArguments => break,
             }
+            first_call = false;
         }
 
         if let Some((next_token, next_token_position)) = self.peek_token_and_position()
@@ -376,7 +362,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             .widen_error_span_from(left_parenthesis_position)
             .sync_error_until(self, SyncLevel::CloseParenthesis)
             .blame_token(next_token_position)
-            .extend_blame_to_covered_end()
+            .extend_blame_end_to_covered_end()
             .report_error(self);
         }
 

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/selectors.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@
 //! current token. They always require a left-hand side expression.
 
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::AstSpan;
 use crate::ast::{Expression, ExpressionRef, OptionalExpression};
-use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ParseExpressionResult, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 /// Represents the result of parsing one call argument slot.
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         left_hand_side: ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena>,
     ) -> ParseExpressionResult<'src, 'arena> {
         self.advance(); // `.`
-        let member_access_start = left_hand_side.span().token_from;
+        let member_access_start = left_hand_side.span().start;
         let member_identifier = self.parse_identifier(ParseErrorKind::ExpressionUnexpectedToken)?;
         let member_access_end = member_identifier.0;
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node(
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                 target: left_hand_side,
                 name: member_identifier,
             },
-            AstSpan::range(member_access_start, member_access_end),
+            TokenSpan::range(member_access_start, member_access_end),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             .widen_error_span_from(left_bracket_position)
             .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseBracket)?;
 
-        let expression_start = left_hand_side.span().token_from;
+        let expression_start = left_hand_side.span().start;
         Ok(self.arena.alloc_node_between(
             Expression::Index {
                 target: left_hand_side,
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             .sync_error_at(self, SyncLevel::CloseParenthesis)
             .unwrap_or_fallback(self);
 
-        let expression_start = left_hand_side.span().token_from;
+        let expression_start = left_hand_side.span().start;
         self.arena.alloc_node_between(
             Expression::Call {
                 callee: left_hand_side,
@@ -144,11 +143,14 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     pub(crate) fn parse_call_argument_slot(
         &mut self,
         left_parenthesis_position: TokenPosition,
+        first_call: bool,
     ) -> ParsedCallArgumentSlot<'src, 'arena> {
         match self.peek_token() {
             Some(Token::RightParenthesis) => return ParsedCallArgumentSlot::NoMoreArguments,
             Some(Token::Comma) => {
-                self.advance();
+                if !first_call {
+                    self.advance();
+                }
                 if self.at_call_argument_boundary() {
                     return ParsedCallArgumentSlot::Argument(None);
                 }
@@ -174,10 +176,12 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     ) -> ArenaVec<'arena, Option<ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena>>> {
         let mut argument_list = ArenaVec::new_in(self.arena);
 
+        let mut first_call = true;
         while let ParsedCallArgumentSlot::Argument(argument) =
-            self.parse_call_argument_slot(left_parenthesis_position)
+            self.parse_call_argument_slot(left_parenthesis_position, first_call)
         {
             argument_list.push(argument);
+            first_call = false;
         }
 
         argument_list

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/expression/switch.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 //!
 //! Provides routines for parsing `switch (...) { ... }` expressions.
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, ExpressionRef, StatementRef};
+use crate::ast::{ExpressionRef, StatementRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ResultRecoveryExt};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         let selector = self.parse_expression();
         let mut cases = self.arena.vec();
         let mut default_arm = None;
-        let mut span = AstSpan::new(switch_start_position);
+        let mut span = TokenSpan::new(switch_start_position);
         if self
             .expect(Token::LeftBrace, ParseErrorKind::SwitchMissingBody)
             .report_error(self)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
         selector: ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena>,
         cases: ArenaVec<'arena, crate::ast::SwitchCaseRef<'src, 'arena>>,
         default_arm: Option<ArenaVec<'arena, StatementRef<'src, 'arena>>>,
-        span: AstSpan,
+        span: TokenSpan,
     ) -> ExpressionRef<'src, 'arena> {
         self.arena.alloc_node(
             crate::ast::Expression::Switch {
@@ -192,12 +192,12 @@ fn compute_case_span(
     labels_start_position: TokenPosition,
     labels: &[ExpressionRef],
     body: &[StatementRef],
-) -> AstSpan {
+) -> TokenSpan {
-    let mut span = AstSpan::new(labels_start_position);
+    let mut span = TokenSpan::new(labels_start_position);
     if let Some(last_statement) = body.last() {
-        span.extend_to(last_statement.span().token_to);
+        span.extend_to(last_statement.span().end);
     } else if let Some(last_label) = labels.last() {
-        span.extend_to(last_label.span().token_to);
+        span.extend_to(last_label.span().end);
     }
     span
 }

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/function/definition.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
 
 use crate::ast::{
-    AstSpan, CallableDefinition, CallableDefinitionRef, CallableKind, CallableModifier,
+    CallableDefinition, CallableDefinitionRef, CallableKind, CallableModifier,
     CallableModifierKind, CallableName, IdentifierToken, InfixOperator, InfixOperatorName,
     ParameterRef, PostfixOperator, PostfixOperatorName, PrefixOperator, PrefixOperatorName,
     TypeSpecifierRef,
 };
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{
     ParseError, ParseErrorKind, ParseResult, Parser, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel,
     recovery::RecoveryFallback,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub(super) struct ParsedCallableHeader<'src, 'arena> {
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for ParsedCallableHeader<'src, 'arena> {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, error: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        let fallback_position = error.covered_span.token_from;
+        let fallback_position = error.covered_span.start;
         ParsedCallableHeader {
             start_position: fallback_position,
             modifiers: parser.arena.vec(),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             None
         };
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(
             header.start_position,
             self.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
         );
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
             }
         };
 
-        let span = AstSpan::range(start, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+        let span = TokenSpan::range(start, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
         Some(CallableModifier { kind, span })
     }
 

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/function/params.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::arena::ArenaVec;
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, Parameter, ParameterModifier, ParameterModifierKind, ParameterRef};
+use crate::ast::{Parameter, ParameterModifier, ParameterModifierKind, ParameterRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ResultRecoveryExt, SyncLevel};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                 None
             };
 
-            let span = AstSpan::range(start_pos, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+            let span = TokenSpan::range(start_pos, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
             params.push(self.arena.alloc_node(
                 Parameter {
                     modifiers,

rottlib/src/parser/grammar/statement.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 //! Implements a simple recursive-descent parser for
 //! *Fermented `UnrealScript` statements*.
 
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, Statement, StatementRef};
+use crate::ast::{Statement, StatementRef};
-use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token};
+use crate::lexer::{Keyword, Token, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseErrorKind, ResultRecoveryExt};
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                 self.advance(); // `;`
                 Some(
                     self.arena
-                        .alloc_node(Statement::Empty, AstSpan::new(position)),
+                        .alloc_node(Statement::Empty, TokenSpan::new(position)),
                 )
             }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                 let declarators = self.parse_variable_declarators();
                 // TODO: parse
 
-                let span = AstSpan::range(start, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
+                let span = TokenSpan::range(start, self.last_consumed_position_or_start());
                 Some(self.arena.alloc_node(
                     Statement::LocalVariableDeclaration {
                         type_spec,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> crate::parser::Parser<'src, 'arena> {
                 self.advance(); // :
                 Some(self.arena.alloc_node(
                     Statement::Label(self.arena.string(lexeme)),
-                    AstSpan::range(position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start()),
+                    TokenSpan::range(position, self.last_consumed_position_or_start()),
                 ))
             }
 

rottlib/src/parser/mod.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 //!     low-level plumbing lives in submodules.
 
 use super::lexer;
+use crate::lexer::TokenSpan;
 
 pub use lexer::{TokenData, Tokens};
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ pub type ParseExpressionResult<'src, 'arena> =
 
 /// A recursive-descent parser over token from [`crate::lexer::TokenizedFile`].
 pub struct Parser<'src, 'arena> {
+    file: &'src lexer::TokenizedFile<'src>,
     arena: &'arena crate::arena::Arena,
     pub diagnostics: Vec<crate::diagnostics::Diagnostic>,
     cursor: cursor::Cursor<'src, 'src>,
@@ -54,10 +56,15 @@ pub struct Parser<'src, 'arena> {
 impl<'src, 'arena> Parser<'src, 'arena> {
     pub fn new(file: &'src lexer::TokenizedFile<'src>, arena: &'arena crate::arena::Arena) -> Self {
         Self {
+            file,
             arena,
             diagnostics: Vec::new(),
             cursor: cursor::Cursor::new(file),
             trivia: trivia::TriviaIndexBuilder::default(),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn file(&self) -> &'src lexer::TokenizedFile<'src> {
+        self.file
+    }
 }

rottlib/src/parser/recovery.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 //! General idea is that any method that returns something other than an error
 //! can be assumed to have reported it.
 
-use crate::ast::{AstSpan, CallableKind, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifier};
+use crate::ast::{CallableKind, IdentifierToken, QualifiedIdentifier};
-use crate::diagnostics::Diagnostic;
+use crate::diagnostics::diagnostic_from_parse_error;
-use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition};
+use crate::lexer::{Token, TokenPosition, TokenSpan};
 use crate::parser::{ParseError, ParseResult, Parser};
 
 /// Synchronization groups the parser can stop at during recovery.
@@ -180,7 +180,9 @@ impl Parser<'_, '_> {
     ///
     /// Placeholder implementation.
     pub fn report_error(&mut self, error: ParseError) {
-        self.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::from(error));
+        //self.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::from(error));
+        self.diagnostics
+            .push(diagnostic_from_parse_error(error, self.file()));
     }
 
     /// Reports a parser error with [`crate::parser::ParseErrorKind`] at
@@ -200,8 +202,6 @@ impl Parser<'_, '_> {
             {
                 break;
             }
-            // Always advances when `peek_token()` is `Some(...)`,
-            // so the loop cannot be infinite.
             self.advance();
         }
     }
@@ -223,17 +223,20 @@ pub trait ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, T>: Sized {
     #[must_use]
     fn widen_error_span_from(self, from: TokenPosition) -> Self;
 
-    fn blame(self, blame_span: AstSpan) -> Self;
+    fn blame(self, blame_span: TokenSpan) -> Self;
-    fn related(self, related_span: AstSpan) -> Self;
+    fn related(self, tag: impl Into<String>, related_span: TokenSpan) -> Self;
 
     fn blame_token(self, blame_position: TokenPosition) -> Self {
-        self.blame(AstSpan::new(blame_position))
+        self.blame(TokenSpan::new(blame_position))
     }
 
-    fn extend_blame_to_covered_end(self) -> Self;
+    fn extend_blame_to_next_token(self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>) -> Self;
 
-    fn related_token(self, related_position: TokenPosition) -> Self {
+    fn extend_blame_start_to_covered_start(self) -> Self;
-        self.related(AstSpan::new(related_position))
+    fn extend_blame_end_to_covered_end(self) -> Self;
+
+    fn related_token(self, tag: impl Into<String>, related_position: TokenPosition) -> Self {
+        self.related(tag, TokenSpan::new(related_position))
     }
 
     /// Extends the right end of the error span up to but not including
@@ -266,28 +269,36 @@ pub trait ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, T>: Sized {
 impl<'src, 'arena, T> ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, T> for ParseResult<'src, 'arena, T> {
     fn widen_error_span_from(mut self, from: TokenPosition) -> Self {
         if let Err(ref mut error) = self {
-            error.covered_span.token_from = std::cmp::min(error.covered_span.token_from, from);
+            error.covered_span.start = std::cmp::min(error.covered_span.start, from);
         }
         self
     }
 
-    fn blame(self, blame_span: AstSpan) -> Self {
+    fn blame(self, blame_span: TokenSpan) -> Self {
         self.map_err(|error| error.blame(blame_span))
     }
 
-    fn extend_blame_to_covered_end(self) -> Self {
+    fn extend_blame_to_next_token(self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>) -> Self {
-        self.map_err(|error| error.extend_blame_to_covered_end())
+        self.map_err(|error| error.extend_blame_to_next_token(parser))
     }
 
-    fn related(self, related_span: AstSpan) -> Self {
+    fn extend_blame_start_to_covered_start(self) -> Self {
-        self.map_err(|error| error.related(related_span))
+        self.map_err(|error| error.extend_blame_start_to_covered_start())
+    }
+
+    fn extend_blame_end_to_covered_end(self) -> Self {
+        self.map_err(|error| error.extend_blame_end_to_covered_end())
+    }
+
+    fn related(self, tag: impl Into<String>, related_span: TokenSpan) -> Self {
+        self.map_err(|error| error.related(tag, related_span))
     }
 
     fn sync_error_until(mut self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>, level: SyncLevel) -> Self {
         if let Err(ref mut error) = self {
             parser.recover_until(level);
-            error.covered_span.token_to = std::cmp::max(
+            error.covered_span.end = std::cmp::max(
-                error.covered_span.token_to,
+                error.covered_span.end,
                 parser.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
             );
         }
@@ -299,13 +310,16 @@ impl<'src, 'arena, T> ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, T> for ParseResult<'src, '
             parser.recover_until(level);
             // If we're at end-of-file, this'll simply do nothing.
             if parser
-            .peek_token()
+                .peek_token()
-            .and_then(SyncLevel::for_token)
+                .and_then(SyncLevel::for_token)
-            .is_some_and(|next_level| next_level == level)
+                .is_some_and(|next_level| next_level == level)
             {
                 parser.advance();
             }
-            error.covered_span.token_to = parser.last_consumed_position_or_start(); // need to be peek
+            error.covered_span.end = std::cmp::max(
+                error.covered_span.end,
+                parser.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
+            );
         }
         self
     }
@@ -343,36 +357,59 @@ impl<'src, 'arena, T> ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, T> for ParseResult<'src, '
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> ResultRecoveryExt<'src, 'arena, ()> for ParseError {
     fn widen_error_span_from(mut self, from: TokenPosition) -> Self {
-        self.covered_span.token_from = std::cmp::min(self.covered_span.token_from, from);
+        self.covered_span.start = std::cmp::min(self.covered_span.start, from);
         self
     }
 
-    fn blame(mut self, blame_span: AstSpan) -> Self {
+    fn blame(mut self, blame_span: TokenSpan) -> Self {
         self.blame_span = blame_span;
         self
     }
 
-    fn extend_blame_to_covered_end(mut self) -> Self {
+    fn extend_blame_to_next_token(mut self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>) -> Self {
-        self.blame_span.token_to = self.covered_span.token_to;
+        self.blame_span.end = parser.peek_position_or_eof();
         self
     }
 
-    fn related(mut self, related_span: AstSpan) -> Self {
+    fn extend_blame_start_to_covered_start(mut self) -> Self {
-        self.related_span = Some(related_span);
+        self.blame_span.start = self.covered_span.start;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn extend_blame_end_to_covered_end(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.blame_span.end = self.covered_span.end;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn related(mut self, tag: impl Into<String>, related_span: TokenSpan) -> Self {
+        self.related_spans.insert(tag.into(), related_span);
         self
     }
 
     fn sync_error_until(mut self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>, level: SyncLevel) -> Self {
         parser.recover_until(level);
-        self.covered_span.token_to = parser.last_consumed_position_or_start();
+        self.covered_span.end = std::cmp::max(
+            self.covered_span.end,
+            parser.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
+        );
         self
     }
 
     fn sync_error_at(mut self, parser: &mut Parser<'src, 'arena>, level: SyncLevel) -> Self {
         parser.recover_until(level);
-        // If we're at end-of-file, this'll simply do nothing.
+
-        parser.advance();
+        if parser
-        self.covered_span.token_to = parser.last_consumed_position_or_start();
+            .peek_token()
+            .and_then(SyncLevel::for_token)
+            .is_some_and(|next_level| next_level == level)
+        {
+            parser.advance();
+        }
+
+        self.covered_span.end = std::cmp::max(
+            self.covered_span.end,
+            parser.last_consumed_position_or_start(),
+        );
         self
     }
 
@@ -405,7 +442,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for f64 {
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::IdentifierToken {
     fn fallback_value(_: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, error: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        Self(error.covered_span.token_from)
+        Self(error.covered_span.start)
     }
 }
 
@@ -414,7 +451,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena>
 {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, err: &ParseError) -> Self {
         // default return type: Named("") at error span
-        let ret_id = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.token_from);
+        let ret_id = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start);
         let return_type = crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
             crate::ast::TypeSpecifier::Named(QualifiedIdentifier::from_ident(parser.arena, ret_id)),
             err.covered_span,
@@ -422,9 +459,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena>
         );
 
         let def = crate::ast::CallableDefinition {
-            name: crate::ast::CallableName::Identifier(IdentifierToken(
+            name: crate::ast::CallableName::Identifier(IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start)),
-                err.covered_span.token_from,
-            )),
             kind: CallableKind::Function,
             return_type_specifier: Some(return_type),
             modifiers: parser.arena.vec(),
@@ -449,7 +484,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::StructDefRef<'
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::ClassVarDeclRef<'src, 'arena> {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, err: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        let dummy_ident = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.token_from);
+        let dummy_ident = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start);
         let type_spec = crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
             crate::ast::TypeSpecifier::Named(QualifiedIdentifier::from_ident(
                 parser.arena,
@@ -484,7 +519,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena>
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::StateDeclRef<'src, 'arena> {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, err: &ParseError) -> Self {
         let def = crate::ast::StateDecl {
-            name: crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.token_from),
+            name: crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start),
             parent: None,
             modifiers: parser.arena.vec(),
             ignores: None,
@@ -497,13 +532,13 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::StateDeclRef<'
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for TokenPosition {
     fn fallback_value(_: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, error: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        error.covered_span.token_to
+        error.covered_span.end
     }
 }
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for (Token, TokenPosition) {
     fn fallback_value(_: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, error: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        (Token::Error, error.covered_span.token_to)
+        (Token::Error, error.covered_span.end)
     }
 }
 
@@ -535,10 +570,10 @@ impl<'src, 'arena, T> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for Option<T> {
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::ClassConstDeclRef<'src, 'arena> {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, err: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        let name = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.token_from);
+        let name = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start);
         let value = crate::ast::DeclarationLiteralRef {
             literal: crate::ast::DeclarationLiteral::None,
-            position: err.covered_span.token_from,
+            position: err.covered_span.start,
         };
         let def = crate::ast::ClassConstDecl {
             name,
@@ -551,7 +586,7 @@ impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::ClassConstDecl
 
 impl<'src, 'arena> RecoveryFallback<'src, 'arena> for crate::ast::TypeSpecifierRef<'src, 'arena> {
     fn fallback_value(parser: &Parser<'src, 'arena>, err: &ParseError) -> Self {
-        let dummy = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.token_from);
+        let dummy = crate::ast::IdentifierToken(err.covered_span.start);
         crate::arena::ArenaNode::new_in(
             crate::ast::TypeSpecifier::Named(QualifiedIdentifier::from_ident(parser.arena, dummy)),
             err.covered_span,

rottlib/tests/diagnostics_expressions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use rottlib::arena::Arena;
+use rottlib::diagnostics::Diagnostic;
+use rottlib::lexer::{TokenPosition, TokenSpan, TokenizedFile};
+use rottlib::parser::Parser;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Fixture {
+    pub code: &'static str,
+    pub label: &'static str,
+    pub source: &'static str,
+}
+
+pub const FIXTURES: &[Fixture] = &[
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0001",
+        label: "files/P0001_01.uc",
+        source: "c && ( /*lol*/ ** calc_it())",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0001",
+        label: "files/P0001_02.uc",
+        source: "\r\na + (\n//AAA\n//BBB\n//CCC\n//DDD\n//EEE\n//FFF\n      ]",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0001",
+        label: "files/P0001_03.uc",
+        source: "(\n// nothing here, bucko",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0002",
+        label: "files/P0002_01.uc",
+        source: "a + [",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0002",
+        label: "files/P0002_02.uc",
+        source: "a * \n//some\n//empty lines\n *",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0002",
+        label: "files/P0002_03.uc",
+        source: "a &&",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0002",
+        label: "files/P0002_04.uc",
+        source: "a * * *",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0003",
+        label: "files/P0003_01.uc",
+        source: "(a + b && c / d ^ e @ f",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0003",
+        label: "files/P0003_02.uc",
+        source: "(a]",
+    },
+    Fixture {
+        code: "P0003",
+        label: "files/P0003_03.uc",
+        source: "(a\n;",
+    },
+];
+
+pub struct FixtureRun<'src> {
+    pub fixture: &'static Fixture,
+    pub file: TokenizedFile<'src>,
+    pub diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic>,
+}
+
+pub struct FixtureRuns<'src> {
+    runs: HashMap<&'static str, FixtureRun<'src>>,
+}
+
+impl<'src> FixtureRuns<'src> {
+    pub fn get(&self, label: &str) -> Option<Vec<Diagnostic>> {
+        self.runs
+            .get(label)
+            .map(|fixture_run| fixture_run.diagnostics.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_any(&self, label: &str) -> Diagnostic {
+        self.runs
+            .get(label)
+            .map(|fixture_run| fixture_run.diagnostics[0].clone())
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'static str, &FixtureRun<'src>)> {
+        self.runs.iter().map(|(label, run)| (*label, run))
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_fixture(fixture: &'static Fixture) -> FixtureRun<'static> {
+    let arena = Arena::new();
+    let file = TokenizedFile::tokenize(fixture.source);
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(&file, &arena);
+
+    let _ = parser.parse_expression();
+    let diagnostics = parser.diagnostics.clone();
+
+    FixtureRun {
+        fixture,
+        file,
+        diagnostics,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn run_fixtures(code: &str) -> FixtureRuns<'static> {
+    let mut runs = HashMap::new();
+
+    for fixture in FIXTURES.iter().filter(|fixture| fixture.code == code) {
+        runs.insert(fixture.label, run_fixture(fixture));
+    }
+
+    for (label, run) in runs.iter() {
+        run.diagnostics.iter().for_each(|diag| {
+            diag.render(&run.file, *label);
+        });
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    FixtureRuns { runs }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn check_p0001_fixtures() {
+    let runs = run_fixtures("P0001");
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0001_01.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0001_02.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0001_03.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_01.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression inside parentheses, found `**`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_02.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression inside parentheses, found `]`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_03.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression, found end of file"
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0001_01.uc").code(), Some("P0001"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0001_02.uc").code(), Some("P0001"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0001_03.uc").code(), Some("P0001"));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(8),
+            end: TokenPosition(8)
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(5),
+            end: TokenPosition(20)
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(0),
+            end: TokenPosition(3)
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "unexpected `**`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "unexpected `]`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0001_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "reached end of file here"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn check_p0002_fixtures() {
+    let runs = run_fixtures("P0002");
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0002_01.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0002_02.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0002_03.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0002_04.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_01.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression after `+`, found `[`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_02.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression after `*`, found `*`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_03.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression after `&&`, found end of file"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_04.uc").headline(),
+        "expected expression after `*`, found `*`"
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0002_01.uc").code(), Some("P0002"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0002_02.uc").code(), Some("P0002"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0002_03.uc").code(), Some("P0002"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0002_04.uc").code(), Some("P0002"));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(4),
+            end: TokenPosition(4),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(10),
+            end: TokenPosition(10),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(3),
+            end: TokenPosition(3),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_04.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(4),
+            end: TokenPosition(4),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "unexpected `[`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "unexpected `*`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "reached end of file here"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0002_04.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "unexpected `*`"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn check_p0003_fixtures() {
+    let runs = run_fixtures("P0003");
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0003_01.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0003_02.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(runs.get("files/P0003_03.uc").unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_01.uc").headline(),
+        "missing `)` to close parenthesized expression"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_02.uc").headline(),
+        "missing `)` to close parenthesized expression"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_03.uc").headline(),
+        "missing `)` to close parenthesized expression"
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0003_01.uc").code(), Some("P0003"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0003_02.uc").code(), Some("P0003"));
+    assert_eq!(runs.get_any("files/P0003_03.uc").code(), Some("P0003"));
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(22),
+            end: TokenPosition(22),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(2),
+            end: TokenPosition(2),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .span,
+        TokenSpan {
+            start: TokenPosition(0),
+            end: TokenPosition(3),
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_01.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "expected `)` before end of file"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_02.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "expected `)` before `]`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        runs.get_any("files/P0003_03.uc")
+            .primary_label()
+            .unwrap()
+            .message,
+        "expected `)` before `;`"
+    );
+}